A few weeks ago, we found out that Kitchener-Waterloo's
light rail project is
going ahead, guns blazing, with money being thrown at it by vote-hungry governments with incredible speed. It became the smallest city (or rather, amorphous city-swallowing blob) in North America to have a serious plan for any kind of rapid transit. And then - several days later, we catch wind that Guelph, KW's baby cousin, is
talking about a system of their very own. Granted, Guelph isn't even close to laying track. But the mere fact that a North American city of 114,000 is
talking about LRT - this is in a city whose transit system
still shuts down at 6:30pm on Sundays - well it's either folly or the most forward thinking city on the continent.
The first thing on a lot of peoples' minds is that the cost of such a large project would be out of proportion with a city like Guelph. But these days, municipalities only have to pay a third of the capital costs of transit infrastructure. And with KW, Toronto, and hopefully Ottawa building light rail systems in the next couple years there are definitely deals to be had, especially on buying trains in bulk.
But Guelph is still pretty freakin small. Where would the train even go? Well anyone who lives there knows that Phase 1 would run at least between downtown and the university. That's a given - it's by far the busiest route in the city. But how would it get there? The only road is two lanes, surrounded by homes, and in some places cut deep into a hill. To the west are more houses, and to the east, a gigantic golf course and a cherished forest/wetland.
Maybe it's worth think about why a city would want light rail in the first place. They do the same thing as buses, and they cost way more! Why bother? Well, for a couple of reasons. The first is that it has the capacity to carry way more people than buses, for less money in the long run. But I wouldn't say Guelph has a capacity problem of that magnitude. Buses get full, but not that full.
The other big reason that a city would lay track is that trains are used to spur development. Back in the olden days, developers used to build light rail lines to the far away suburbs they were building so that people would even consider buying their houses. The economics have changed a little bit, but the idea is the same. If you build it, they will come. It has been proven over and over and over and over again. Buses don't demonstrate as much of a commitment, and they aren't nearly as sexy. That sounds like a minor quibble, but if you look at the books of any city that's built light rail, you'll see what I mean. So does Guelph have a lot of land like that to develop? Yes. They're in the early phases of getting development going in a big area called the York District Lands which are absolutely perfect for a light rail project. They're close enough to downtown and campus to be urban and sustainable, but far enough that people would need to take transit. They have big plans for that land, with an eye on attracting ecobusinesses. An LRT would put the city heads and shoulders above any other when it comes to attracting business. As an added bonus, the train woould probably have to travel through the neighbourhood everyone affectionately refers to as The Ward, which has fallen on hard times, but has enormous potential for revitalization.
So would Guelph ever be able to pay for such a thing? Would it even ever be able to pay for a third of it? Well if they did indeed couple it with a development like the York Lands, they could use
tax increment financing, something that American cities have been doing for ages. Land values around this new LRT would skyrocket if such a thing were to materialize. This would be a windfall for the city, because it collects property taxes on all this land. With tax increment financing, Guelph could determine how much taxes have increased on lands around the LRT project, and use that chunk of money to pay for the LRT. Theoretically, the light rail would just pay for itself.
Now a route from downtown to the York District via The Ward would forgo the University, which is a big no-no. But why not a Skytrain-style loop? It would connect all four places with speed and in style. But getting from campus to downtown is still a bit of an obstacle. Gordon St. offers no room for expansion. So why not redevelop Cutten Club? The 18-hole golf course has stubbornly stood between campus and downtown for 75 years. It's incredibly valuable urban land, like the York District. Land that could be bisected by an LRT line, becoming a model of sustainability. It would bring in untold millions in tax revenue for the city, allow room for the University to expand, and potentially accomodate more public greenspace for Guelphites. Golf is one of the most wasteful sports imaginable, and it's not as though there is a shortage of courses in Southern Ontario. Dead spaces like the Cutten Club stretch out the city and discourage walking. I'm not saying we should rip up every golf course in the world; they have their place. But in this case, it's like having an international airport beside city hall. It doesn't make sense.
Having the LRT run through the Cutten Club would also mean that it could cross the Speed River in a spot that would minimize impact on the forests around it.
Two summers ago, when I lived in Guelph, I remember seeing the city pull extremely old streetcar tracks out of the ground underneath Gordon Street. They had been long buried, a reminder of the city's tram-dependent history. It struck me as ironic that they were finally being hauled out of the ground, right in the midst of the streetcar's renaissance.
If there's a small city in North America that can put those rails back into the ground, it's Guelph. With one of the most progressive councils on the continent, a strong downtown, a dense urban form, and an eye to the future, Guelph could make this seemingly unrealistic project work - it could even pay for itself!
When I get the chance, I'll blog about a tram-train to Waterloo Region. Because I think that's also an option.